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An Overview of Kuwait: Population, Labor Force, and Key Industries

Kuwait, a small yet influential nation on the northeastern edge of the Arabian Peninsula, is renowned for its substantial oil reserves and strategic location along the Persian Gulf.

Population:

As of June 2024, Kuwait’s population stands at approximately 4.92 million, with Kuwaiti nationals comprising about 32% (1.56 million) and expatriates making up the remaining 68% (3.36 million). The expatriate community is diverse, with Indians representing the largest group at 21%, followed by Egyptians at 13%, Bangladeshis at 6%, and Filipinos at 5%.

Labor Force:

The labor market in Kuwait is characterized by a significant presence of expatriate workers, particularly in the private sector. As of the first half of 2024, the total workforce was approximately 2.18 million, with 24% employed in the public sector and 76% in the private sector. Indians lead the private sector employment, accounting for 24.2% of all employees, followed by Kuwaitis at 21.9% and Egyptians at 21.7%.

Key Industries and Companies:

Kuwait’s economy is predominantly driven by the petroleum industry, which accounts for nearly half of the country’s GDP. The Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC), established in 1980, is the state-owned entity overseeing the nation’s oil sector. Its subsidiaries include:

  • Kuwait Oil Company (KOC): Responsible for crude oil exploration and development.

  • Kuwait National Petroleum Company (KNPC): Operates oil refineries across Kuwait.

  • Petrochemical Industries Company (PIC): Engaged in petrochemical and fertilizer manufacturing.

  • Kuwait Petroleum International (KPI): Manages refining and marketing operations overseas.

  • Kuwait Foreign Petroleum Exploration Company (KUFPEC): Focuses on international oil exploration.

Beyond oil, Kuwait has a robust financial sector, with the Kuwait Investment Authority (KIA) being the world’s oldest sovereign wealth fund, managing assets estimated at around $700 billion in 2021.

The country also has a significant steel manufacturing industry, with United Steel Industrial Company (KWT Steel) being a key player catering to domestic market demands.

In summary, Kuwait’s economy is heavily influenced by its oil industry, supported by a diverse expatriate labor force and a growing financial sector.